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Psoriasis

What is Psoriasis?

An estimated 7.5 million Americans suffer with psoriasis, a non-contagious, chronic skin condition. Often identified by patches of red, scaly skin, psoriasis occurs when the immune system sends out incorrect signals that cause skin cells to grow too quickly. With psoriasis, cells build up on the top layer of skin, creating patches of itchy, dry skin. The most common locations for psoriasis are on the elbows, knees, or trunk, but it can develop anywhere on the body.

Psoriasis is thought to be an autoimmune disease, which arises from an overactive response by the body towards substances and tissues normally present in the body. In the case of psoriasis, white blood cells, called T cells, attack healthy skin as if to fight off infection or heal a wound. Instead of new cells moving to the outermost layer of skin in a normal manner, they develop more rapidly. The dead skin can’t slough off fast enough to keep up, so thick, scaly areas form on the skin’s surface.

Usually, the first occurrence of psoriasis happens sometime between ages 15 to 35. However, approximately 20,000 children under age 10 also live with psoriasis. Although psoriasis seems to have a genetic component, not everyone with that gene develops the disease.

What are the signs and symptoms of Psoriasis?

Each case differs based on the individual, but people with psoriasis often experience at least one of the following symptoms:

Burning, itching, or soreness
Cracked, dry skin that can bleed
Patches of red skin with silvery scales
Pitted, ridged, or thickened nails
Stiff, swollen joints

If you think that you could have psoriasis, contact your doctor and schedule a complete exam.

Triggers
Because psoriasis is chronic, anyone with the condition will live with a cycle of flare-ups and remissions over a lifetime. Typically, patients with psoriasis may develop initial symptoms or experience flare ups because of various triggers, including

Certain medications
Cuts, scrapes, burns, or other damage to the skin
Diet
Excessive alcohol use
Other infections such as strep throat
Smoking
Stress
Weather

What are the different types of Psoriasis?

There are six main types of psoriasis:

1) Plaque Psoriasis (Psoriasis Vulgaris)
About 80 percent of people diagnosed with the disease have plaque psoriasis, or psoriasis vulgaris. Plaque psoriasis often appears as on the elbows, knees, and lower trunk in the form of raised, red lesions topped with silvery scales.

2) Guttate Psoriasis
Usually found on the limbs or trunk, guttate psoriasis primarily appears in patients younger than age 30. Guttate psoriasis presents as small, water-drop-shaped sores and can occur because of an illness or injury to the skin.

3) Inverse Psoriasis
With inverse psoriasis, patients develop smooth, shiny lesions that are bright red in color. Most often seen in people who are overweight, inverse psoriasis strikes the armpits, around the genitals, near the groin, and under the breasts.

4) Pustular Psoriasis
When you have pustular psoriasis, white blisters filled with pus and surrounded by red skin will appear either in localized areas or all over your body. Because the pus is made of white blood cells, it is not contagious. Certain things can trigger pustular psoriasis, such as irritating topical treatments, infections, overexposure to ultraviolet radiation, and stress.

5) Erythrodermic Psoriasis
Characterized by a fiery red rash coupled with extreme burning or itching, erythrodermic psoriasis is the least common kind of psoriasis. Triggers for erythrodermic psoriasis include severe sunburn, corticosteroids, other medications, or another type of psoriasis that has flared up.

6) Psoriatic Arthritis
In addition to causing pitted, discolored nails, psoriatic arthritis also presents with the swollen, painful joints that often accompany arthritis. Usually psoriatic arthritis isn’t as crippling as other forms of arthritis, but it can cause stiffness and progressive joint damage.

What treatments are available at the dermatologist for Psoriasis?

Currently, no cure exists for psoriasis. Treatments are designed to minimize discomfort and encourage healing. When determining the best treatment, your doctor will take into account the severity of the psoriasis. Mild to moderate psoriasis covers 3 to 10 percent of your body, while psoriasis is considered moderate to severe when it covers more than 10 percent.

Treating Mild to Moderate Psoriasis
If you have mild to moderate psoriasis, your doctor will likely recommend a combination of over-the-counter medications, prescription topical treatments, and light therapy/phototherapy.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications
The two active ingredients in over-the-counter medications approved by the FDA for psoriasis are coal tar, which inhibits the quick overgrowth of cells, and salicylic acid, which makes the outer layer of skin shed. Other OTC treatments may help, like:

Scale lifters to loosen and eliminate scales so that medicine can penetrate the sores
Bath solutions, such as Epsom salts, Dead Sea salts, or oilated oatmeal, that reduce itching and remove scaling
Occlusion, which covers the areas treated with topical treatments applications, to improve absorption and effectiveness
Anti-itch products like calamine lotion or hydrocortisone creams
Moisturizers to keep skin hydrated, reduce symptoms, and encourage healing

Prescription Topicals
Designed to inhibit the overgrowth of cells and lessen inflammation, prescription topicals include:

Anthralin, which reduces the skin cell growth related to plaque
Calcipotriene will flattens lesions, removes scales, and slow cell growth. Often used in treatment of psoriasis on the scalp and nails.
Calcipotriene and Betamethasone Dipropionate. By combining Calcipotriene with betamethasone dipropionate, this treatment addresses the itch and inflammation common to psoriasis as well as flattening lesions, removing scales, and minimizing cell growth.
Calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D3, helps limit extraneous skin cell production
Tazarotene, a topical retinoid that slows down cell growth
Topical steroids are the most commonly used medications for psoriasis, and they work by reducing inflammation, swelling, and redness

Phototherapy (light therapy)
Exposure to ultraviolet light can provide relief from psoriasis. With careful monitoring, the UVA and UVB rays from the sun can reduce symptoms. Excimer lasers treat specific areas affected by psoriasis, while pulse dye lasers provide not only targeted treatment, but also destroy the blood vessels that promote the development of psoriasis.

Treating Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
For patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, treatment involves prescription medications, biologics and phototherapy (light therapy).

Prescription Medications
Based on the location, severity, and type of psoriasis, your doctor will prescribe an oral medication, such as acitretin, cyclosporine and methotrexate.

How does psoriasis affect your nails, eyes, and joints?

Nails: Psoriasis can cause changes in the appearance and structure of the nails, such as pitting, discoloration, thickening, loosening, or crumbling. These changes can affect the function and comfort of the nails, as well as the self-esteem of the person with psoriasis.
Eyes: Psoriasis can cause inflammation in the eyes, leading to a condition called uveitis. Uveitis can cause symptoms such as eye pain, redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, or floaters. If left untreated, uveitis can damage the eye and impair vision.
Joints: Psoriasis can cause inflammation in the joints, resulting in a type of arthritis called psoriatic arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis can cause symptoms such as joint pain, stiffness, swelling, reduced range of motion, or deformity. Psoriatic arthritis can affect any joint in the body, but it is more common in the fingers, toes, spine, and pelvis. Psoriatic arthritis can also affect the tendons and ligaments that attach to the bones.

FAQ About Psoriasis

Can psoriasis affect other parts of the body besides the skin?

Psoriasis can affect other parts of the body besides the skin, such as the nails, scalp and joints. In some cases, it may also be associated with other conditions such as psoriatic arthritis.

Can certain foods trigger psoriasis?

Certain foods, such as processed foods, alcohol, and gluten-containing foods, may trigger psoriasis in some individuals. It’s important for people with psoriasis to work with a dermatologist or a dietitian to identify any specific food triggers and to develop a diet plan that works best for them.

When should I see a dermatologist for psoriasis?

If you have symptoms of psoriasis, such as red, scaly patches on the skin, it’s important to see a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. A dermatologist can also help to develop an individualized treatment plan and provide guidance on how to manage the condition. If your symptoms persist or worsen, you should also consult with a dermatologist.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Sacramento that offers treatment for psoriasis?

Yes. At our Sacramento dermatology office we offer treatment for psoriasis to patients from Sacramento and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Warts

What are Warts?

Warts are small, rough growths on the skin that are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. They can appear anywhere on the body and can have a flat or raised appearance. Warts are generally benign and are usually not a serious health concern, but they can be unsightly or painful in some cases. There are various treatments for warts, including over-the-counter creams, freezing therapy, and prescription medications. It’s important to consult a doctor for the best treatment options for your individual case.

What are the causes of Warts?

Warts are caused by infections with human papillomavirus (HPV), which are highly contagious. They are usually spread through direct contact with the skin of an infected person, or by coming into contact with a surface that has been contaminated with the virus. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to developing warts. Additionally, factors like skin injuries, cuts, and scrapes can increase the likelihood of developing warts, as they can provide an entry point for the virus.

What are the symptoms of Warts?

Warts typically appear as raised, flesh-colored growths on the skin that can be smooth or rough in texture. They can be flat or raised, and sometimes they have tiny black dots on the surface, which are small blood vessels. Warts can appear anywhere on the body and may be itchy, painful, or bleed. The symptoms and appearance of warts can vary depending on the type of HPV that caused the infection and the location of the wart. Common wart types include plantar warts (on the feet), flat warts (on the face), and genital warts. It’s important to have any unusual growths on the skin evaluated by a doctor to determine if they are warts or a different condition.

What treatments are available for Warts?

There are several treatment options available for warts, including:

Over-the-counter topical treatments: These include creams and gels that contain salicylic acid, which can be applied directly to the wart.
Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the wart with liquid nitrogen, causing it to blister and eventually fall off.
Surgical removal: This involves cutting or burning off the wart, which can be performed by a dermatologist or doctor.
Cantharidin: This is a chemical that is applied to the wart to cause a blister, after which the wart can be removed.
Electrosurgery: This involves using an electrical current to burn off the wart.
Laser therapy: This involves using a laser to destroy the wart.

How to Help Prevent Warts

Here are some steps you can take to help prevent warts:

Wash your hands frequently: This will help reduce the spread of the human papillomavirus (HPV) which is the virus that causes warts.
Keep your skin clean and dry: Warts thrive in moist environments, so keeping your skin clean and dry can help prevent the growth of warts.
Don’t bite your nails: Biting your nails can cause tiny cuts in your skin, which can provide an entry point for the virus that causes warts.
Avoid sharing personal items: Don’t share towels, razors, or other personal items with others, as these items may be contaminated with the virus.
Wear protective footwear: Wear protective footwear, such as sandals or flip flops, in public areas such as locker rooms or swimming pools, where you may come into contact with the virus.
Avoid touching warts: If you see a wart on someone else, avoid touching it, as the virus can be transmitted from person to person.

It’s important to keep in mind that warts can be easily spread, so it’s important to take precautions to help prevent their spread. If you already have warts, it’s important to avoid touching them, as this can spread the virus to other parts of your body or to others.

FAQ About Warts

Can warts be spread from person to person?

Yes, warts can be spread from person to person through direct contact or through contact with contaminated items such as towels or razors.

Can warts be painful?

Warts are typically not painful, but they may become uncomfortable or irritated if they are located in an area that rubs against clothing or footwear.

Can warts go away on their own?

Warts can sometimes go away on their own, but it can take several months to several years for this to happen.

Are warts contagious?

Yes, warts are contagious and can be spread from person to person through direct contact or through contaminated items.

Can warts reoccur?

Yes, warts can reoccur after they have been treated, especially if the person’s immune system is weakened.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Sacramento that offers treatment for warts?

Yes. At our Sacramento dermatology office we offer treatment for warts to patients from Sacramento and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Seborrheic Keratosis

What is Seborrheic Keratosis?

Seborrheic keratosis is a common skin condition that results in the formation of raised, scaly, waxy or wart-like growths on the skin. These growths are noncancerous (benign) and usually appear in middle-aged or older individuals. They can range in color from light tan to dark brown and can be found on any part of the body, including the face, neck, chest, and back. Seborrheic keratosis is caused by an overgrowth of skin cells, but the exact cause is unknown. They are often harmless, but may be removed for cosmetic reasons or if they become irritated or catch on clothing.

What are the symptoms of Seborrheic Keratosis?

Seborrheic keratosis usually appears as raised, scaly growths on the skin. The growths can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters and can appear anywhere on the body. They are typically:

Brown, black, or tan in color
Waxy or wart-like in texture
Stuck-on appearance, as if they are pasted onto the skin
Smooth or slightly scaly
Round or oval in shape

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign (noncancerous) condition and typically does not cause any symptoms or discomfort. However, some individuals may experience itching or irritation in the affected area. If this occurs, it is important to have the growth evaluated by a dermatologist or skin care professional.

What treatments are available for Seborrheic Keratosis?

Treatment for seborrheic keratosis is not usually necessary as it is a benign (noncancerous) condition. However, some individuals may choose to have their seborrheic keratosis removed for cosmetic reasons. If a seborrheic keratosis becomes irritated or catches on clothing, it may also need to be removed. The following are some of the most common treatments for seborrheic keratosis:

Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the growth with liquid nitrogen, causing it to blister and eventually fall off.
Curettage: This involves scraping the growth off with a curette, a sharp, spoon-shaped instrument.
Electrosurgery: This involves using an electric current to remove the growth.
Excision: This involves cutting the growth out with a scalpel.

The choice of treatment will depend on the size, location, and number of growths, as well as the patient’s preference. The dermatologist will help determine the best treatment option.

How to Help Prevent Seborrheic Keratosis

The exact cause of seborrheic keratosis is unknown, so there is no guaranteed way to prevent it. However, the following may help reduce the risk of developing seborrheic keratosis:

Follow these tips as well:

Limit sun exposure: Wear protective clothing and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF when spending time outside.
Avoid tanning beds: UV radiation from tanning beds can increase the risk of developing seborrheic keratosis.
Maintain a healthy diet: Eating a diet rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory foods may help reduce the risk of developing seborrheic keratosis.
Avoid smoking: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of skin cancer, including seborrheic keratosis.
Monitor skin changes: Regularly check your skin for any new growths or changes in existing moles, and have any suspicious growths evaluated by a dermatologist.

It is important to keep in mind that while these steps may help reduce the risk of developing seborrheic keratosis, they do not guarantee prevention. Regular skin checks and prompt evaluation of any suspicious growths are essential for early detection and treatment of skin conditions.

FAQ About Seborrheic Keratosis

What does Seborrheic Keratosis look like?

A: Seborrheic Keratosis appears as a raised, scaly, or wart-like growth on the skin with a brown, black, or light-brown color.

Is Seborrheic Keratosis contagious?

A: No, Seborrheic Keratosis is not contagious.

Are there any home remedies for Seborrheic Keratosis?

A: No, there are no proven home remedies for Seborrheic Keratosis. Consult a dermatologist for treatment options.

Can Seborrheic Keratosis turn into skin cancer?

A: No, Seborrheic Keratosis is a benign growth and does not turn into skin cancer.

Is Seborrheic Keratosis painful?

A: No, Seborrheic Keratosis is usually not painful, but removal procedures may cause some discomfort.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Sacramento that offers treatment for Seborrheic Keratosis?

Yes. At our Sacramento dermatology office we offer treatment for Seborrheic Keratosis to patients from Sacramento and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

Moles

What are Moles?

A mole is a type of skin lesion that is caused by the growth of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Moles can appear anywhere on the skin and can be various shapes, sizes, and colors, including black, brown, or flesh-colored. Some moles are present at birth, while others may develop over time. Most moles are benign, but in rare cases, moles can develop into skin cancer, so it’s important to monitor any changes in their appearance and have any suspicious moles evaluated by a dermatologist or skin care professional.

What are the causes of Moles?

Moles are caused by the overgrowth of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. The exact reason for this overgrowth is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to play a role, including:

Genetics: The tendency to develop moles can be inherited.
Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV rays from the sun can increase the risk of developing moles.
Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or puberty, can cause the growth of new moles or changes in existing moles.
Age: Moles are more common in younger people and tend to fade or disappear as people age.
Skin type: People with fair skin and lighter hair are more susceptible to developing moles.

It’s also worth noting that some moles can develop as a result of injury or irritation to the skin, such as from friction or rubbing.

What treatments are available for Moles at the dermatologist in Sacramento?

The treatment for moles depends on various factors, such as the type, size, and location of the mole, as well as any changes in its appearance. Some common treatments include:

Observation: If a mole is benign and not causing any symptoms, a dermatologist may recommend monitoring it for any changes over time.
Surgical removal: Moles can be surgically removed by a dermatologist or skin care professional, either by cutting them out (excision), shaving them off (curettage), or using a laser.
Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves freezing the mole with liquid nitrogen, which causes the mole tissue to blister and eventually fall off.
Topical medications: In some cases, topical medications, such as imiquimod, may be used to treat moles by encouraging the immune system to attack the mole cells.
Laser therapy: Laser therapy uses light energy to destroy the mole cells without damaging the surrounding skin.

It’s important to note that any changes in a mole’s appearance, such as itching, bleeding, or changes in color, shape, or size, should be evaluated by a dermatologist or skin care professional as soon as possible, as these may be signs of skin cancer.

How to Help Prevent Moles?

There is no guaranteed way to prevent moles, but there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing new moles or changes in existing moles:

Protect your skin from the sun: Wear protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts and wide-brimmed hats, and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30.
Seek shade: Avoid being in direct sunlight for prolonged periods, especially between 10am and 4pm when the sun’s UV rays are strongest.
Avoid tanning beds: Tanning beds emit UV rays that can increase the risk of developing moles and skin cancer.
Check your skin regularly: Get into the habit of regularly checking your skin for any new or changing moles, and have any suspicious moles evaluated by a dermatologist or skin care professional.
Be aware of your family history: If you have a family history of skin cancer, you may be at a higher risk of developing moles, so it’s important to take extra precautions to protect your skin.

By following these steps, you can reduce your risk of developing moles and increase the likelihood of early detection and treatment if needed.

FAQ About Moles

Are moles harmful?

Most moles are benign, but in rare cases, moles can develop into skin cancer, so it’s important to monitor any changes in their appearance and have any suspicious moles evaluated by a dermatologist or skin care professional.

Can moles be removed?

Yes, moles can be surgically removed by a dermatologist or skin care professional, either by cutting them out, shaving them off, or using a laser.

Is it safe to remove a mole?

Removing a mole is generally safe, but it’s important to have the procedure performed by a qualified dermatologist or skin care professional to minimize the risk of complications.

How can I tell if a mole is cancerous?

Changes in a mole’s appearance, such as itching, bleeding, or changes in color, shape, or size, may be signs of skin cancer, and should be evaluated by a dermatologist or skin care professional as soon as possible.

Can moles return after removal?

In some cases, moles can return after removal, but this depends on various factors, such as the type, size, and location of the mole, as well as the method of removal.

Is there a dermatologist near me in Sacramento that offers treatment for moles?

Yes. At our Sacramento dermatology office we offer treatment for moles to patients from Sacramento and the surrounding area. Contact our office today to schedule an appointment.

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